Logarithms

  $\displaystyle y=\log_a{x}\iff x=a^y$   $\displaystyle \log_a{xy}=\log_a{x}+\log_a{y}$   $\displaystyle \log_a{\frac{x}{y}}=\log_a{x}-\log_a{y}$      
  $\displaystyle \log_a{x^r}=r\log_a{x}$   $\displaystyle \log_a{a}=1$   $\displaystyle \log_a{1}=0$      




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